Medieval European society reaches unprecedented heights as peace reigns, allowing for improved trade, urban expansion, wider missionary efforts, intellectual and artistic pursuits, and more. The papacy also benefits from the period of development, as the most powerful pope in Christian history, Innocent III, wields his authority over kings and nations alike. But dissent would be fomented against the papacy following the transfer of the papal residence to Avignon.
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Keywords: mendicant friar, Francis of Assisi, Franciscan, Dominican, Pope Innocent III, Fourth Lateran Council, Hapsburg dynasty, Rudolph of Hapsburg, bourgeoisie, great city, metropolis, polis, Avignon, Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy, the great schism, churchianity, two thousand years of leaven, history of Christianity, church history, Hebrew history, kp, kingdom preppers